India’s education reforms have placed a strong focus on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN). Through initiatives like the NIPUN Bharat Mission, we’ve seen meaningful progress.  Recent surveys, such as PARAKH Rashtriya Sarvekshan 2024 and ASER 2024, show progress of learning in the foundational grades. Yet, as children move from foundational to middle grades and beyond, the gaps start widening. Students who once progressed risk falling behind again.


One of the many reasons these gaps persist is the heterogeneity of learning and teaching. Classrooms bring together children at very different levels, while teachers, with varying expertise and limited time, face the difficult task of personalising instruction for every child. This complexity makes bridging learning gaps difficult to sustain, even when reforms show promise at the foundational level


Kanchan Sharma from Uttar Pradesh shares the daily struggles of working with heterogeneous groups in a classroom.

Just as polio was eliminated through a vaccine that combined scientific rigor with scalable delivery, education now requires an equivalent breakthrough. Personalised Adaptive Learning functions as that vaccine for learning poverty, a cost-effective, evidence-based intervention with the potential to protect millions of children from falling behind as they move through the system.

An independent randomised evaluation of SwiftPAL in Andhra Pradesh, led by Nobel laureate Prof. Michael Kremer, Director of Development Innovation Lab at The University of Chicago and a team of researchers, have provided some of the strongest global evidence on what works. Students learning with SwiftPAL achieved:

  • Accelerated learning gains by 2.3x
  • 2 equivalent years of additional schooling in 17 months
  • 1 Day of learning on PAL is equivalent to 22 Days of Schooling

Eswar Reddy from Andhra Pradesh shares how SwiftPAL equipped teachers with the right tools to personalise learning for every child.

The key question is: what return on learning can be achieved for every dollar spent?

SwiftPAL delivers exceptional value. The Government of Andhra Pradesh fully funded the PAL program, spending only 1.8% to 2.3% of its annual per-student education budget to deliver it; annual spending of INR 1,700 — INR 2,100 per student per year against the annual average budget of INR 90,000 per student per year in Andhra Pradesh. Using the World Bank’s metric of Learning–Adjusted Years of Schooling (LAYS), SwiftPAL delivers 1.895 LAYS for every $100 invested. This places SwiftPAL as a proposed ‘Good Buy’ under the Global Education Evidence Advisory Panel (GEEAP) metrics, placing it among the most effective and affordable education interventions worldwide.

The Andhra Pradesh evaluation demonstrates that PAL works at scale. It delivers measurable impact, it is affordable, and it is system-ready. With rigorous evidence now in place, the opportunity is to take this learning forward.



Learn more about SwiftPAL





Read the Evaluation Report

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